Shame in borderline, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders: Theoretical conceptualizations and empirical findings

Shame is a self-conscious emotion that can be named psychological pain. The consensus shame has adaptive and maladaptive aspects. In other words, although warns individuals about the loss of their social position, its experience could lead to different types psychopathology, namely personality pathology. aim current study was (1) explore theoretical perspectives association between disorders (2) investigate congruency empirical findings with aforesaid theories. By conducting narrative review most significant references existing in literature, we found theories studies were cluster B (and particular, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic disorders). plays distinct role development maintenance above-said disorders. notable difference related level consciousness which processed. Moreover, particularly relationship shame, grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, antisocial disorder, inconsistencies among observed. Experiencing have enduring impacts on individuals' mental health. When internalized, it may ways patterns.